Contents

Key Structures

Proximal Lower Extremity

Distal Lower Extremity

Resources

Lower Extremity Introductory Discussion

Lab Summary

An introduction to the bones, movements, muscles, vessels and nerves of the lower extremity.

Lab Objectives

Name the parts of the pelvis, bones and joints of the lower limb.
Describe the movements of the major joints of the lower limb.
Name the muscles responsible for the movements of the lower limbs.
Name the principal blood vessels of the lower extremity.
Describe the difference between the superficial and deep venous drainage.
Name the principal peripheral nerves of the lower limb and the compartments they innervate.

Lecture List

Bones of the Lower Limb, Movements of the Lower Limb, Muscles of the Lower Limb, Vessels of the Lower Limb, Nerves of the Lower Limb

Bones of the Lower Limb

Bones of the Lower Limb Gallery

1.1a) Thigh, leg, foot
1.1b) The pelvis
1.1c) Hip joint
1.1d) Lateral view of hip joint
1.1e) Anterior view of thigh
1.1f) Lateral knee joint
1.1g) Anterior knee joint
1.1h) Posterior knee joint
1.1i) Superior knee joint
1.1j) Anterior leg
1.1k) Anterior ankle joint
1.1l) Ankle joint
1.1m) Lateral ankle joint
1.1n) Foot bones

Movements of the Lower Limb

Movements of the Lower Limb Gallery

2.1a) Hip movements
2.1b) Knee movements
2.1c) Foot movements
2.1d) The hip joint
2.1e) The knee joint
2.1f) The ankle joint

Muscles of the Lower Limb

Muscles of the Lower Limb Gallery

3.1a) Muscles to know
3.1b) Ilipsoas: flex hip
3.1c) Gluteus maximus: Extends hip
3.1d) Gluteus medius: Abducts hip
3.1e) Gluteus medius
3.1f) Lateral rotator group
3.1g) Adductor longs and adductor magnus: Adduct hip
3.1h) Quadriceps: Extend knee
3.1i) Hamstrings: Extend hip/flex knee
3.1j) Gastrocnemii and soleus: Plantar flex ankle
3.1k) Tibialis anterior: Dorsiflexes ankle (inverts ankle)
3.1l) Fibularis: Evert ankle
3.1m) Extensor hallucis longus: Extends great toe
3.1n) Overview of muscle action

Vessels of the Lower Limb

Vessels of the Lower Limb Gallery

4.1a) Arteries in pelvic and inguinal region
4.1b) Femoral artery
4.1c) Anterior and posterior thigh
4.1d) Posterior view knee
4.1e) Lateral leg and foot
4.1f) Lateral view of ankle and foot
4.1g) Anterior tibial artery and vein
4.1h) Posterior view of knee joint
4.1i) Femoral vein and great saphenous vein
4.1j) Femoral pulse: femoral triangle
4.1k) Popliteal pulse: Politeal fossa
4.1l) Posterior tibial pulse: Posterior medial malleolus
4.1m) Dorsalis pedis pulse: dorsum of the foot

Nerves of the Lower Limb

Nerves of the Lower Limb Gallery

5.1a) Nerves from the inferior portion of the spinal cord supply the lower limb
5.1b) Distribution of nerves to muscle compartments
5.1c) Anterior view of femoral nerve: Anterior thigh (Quadriceps femoris)
5.1d) Anterior view of obturator nerve: Medial thigh (adductors)
5.1e) Posterior view of sciatic nerve: Posterior thigh (hamstrings)
5.1f) Posterior view of sciatic nerve division
5.1g) Posterior view of tibial nerve: Posterior leg (medial and lateral gastrocnemii, soleus
5.1h) Posterior view of superficial fibular (peroneal): Lateral leg (fibularis longus and brevis)
5.1i) Posterior view deep fibular (peroneal): Anterior leg (tibialis anterior)